yuj from the Sanskrit root meaning "union" or " constraint ", ie jugit the yoke that is fixed on the necks of oxen to plow attack, jukta or that the straps or the harness that combine two or more horses to pull a cart. Yoga refers to a set of techniques that allow the joining of body, mind and soul with God (or Paramatma), the union between Jivatman (energy independent) and Paramatman (universal energy). One who follows the path and practice of yoga is called yogi or yogin (women are called yogini).
The first great Indian system and describes the techniques of Yoga is the Yoga Sutra (Aphorisms on Yoga), written by Patanjali, which contains 185 aphorisms. Traditional studies identified Indian grammarian Patanjali with the same name lived in the third century BC, but modern philological studies have postdated the drafting work to a time presumably early.
The spread of a practice dating back to that tradition in the West, which took place in the nineteenth and twenty-first century, such as meditation (dhyana), exercises of breath control (pranayama) or asanas (the famous "positions" with which Yoga is commonly identified tout court), he almost always left out the other levels, especially the first two initials and so fundamental. This is due to the fact that in Western society the relationship with the Yoga has never been closely related to religion (particularly so with the union of Isvara, the Lord) but it's always been understood as a discipline that seeks to balance simple psychophysical man and the achievement of a general state of "wellness".
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